Simple and inexpensive methods for vaccination through skin (cutaneous) is not available. But a new study had shown that 'micron scale' needles coated with DNA were tested as a simple and inexpensive device for skin delivery.Skin being the primary barrier for immunity, using microneedles for vaccination had shown good immune response. one such study was vaccination with a plasmid encoding hepatitis C virus non-structural 3/4A protein using microneedles effectively showed increased number of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)
While compared to more complicated invasive delivery techniques like gene gun, hypodermic needles , micro needles were found to be efficient for DNA vaccination in priming CTLs
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