Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional anemia worldwide. It means the iron reserves of the body are reduced. Low iron causes less formation of hemoglobin. It is a protein present in your red blood cells which is responsible for carrying oxygen to your body tissues. 

Iron deficiency is caused majorly by 2 issues

1. Loss of blood 
2. Less intake of iron in diet. 

Major symptoms of iron deficiency include fatigue, tiredness, headache, dizziness.

In most cases iron deficiency anemia can be corrected with oral iron supplements. However, before starting supplements, haemoglobin levels should be tested and treatment should be taken only after consultation with a general medical practitioner. Self-medication with iron supplements should be avoided.

IRON DEFICIENCY IN YOUNG ADULTS 

Iron deficiency anemia is commonly seen in young adults due to multiple contributing factors. Modern dietary trends such as vegan diets, low-calorie diets, high-protein diets and keto dieting may reduce iron intake and increase the risk of deficiency. 

In young women, heavy menstrual bleeding, is the major contributing factor for iron deficiency 

1. Other contributing factors include 
2. Modern dieting habits
3. Skipping breakfast 
4. Heavy menstrual flow 
5. Early pregnancy in young women

Another cause includes malabsorption or reduced absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract.

EARLY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 

The most common early symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include tiredness, fatigue, and dizziness. As the deficiency progresses, more specific signs and symptoms may appear, such as: 

1. Extreme tiredness 
2. Weakness
3. Pale skin 
4. Sometimes chest pain and increased heart rate
5. Headache and dizziness 
6. Irritation and soreness of the tongue
7. Brittle nails 
8. Cold hands and feet

Symptoms may range from mild to severe depending on the degree of iron deficiency.

Also some studies show that 

Individuals with iron deficiency anemia may feel the urge to eat non-nutritive substances like ice cubes,dirt, and clay.

HOW IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IS DIAGNOSED 

AND TREATED 

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is based on simple blood tests.

When a person presents with symptoms such as persistent fatigue, headache, or light headedness despite adequate rest, a healthcare practitioner may suspect iron deficiency anemia.

The doctor may look for clinical signs such as pale skin or koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) if present.

A complete blood count(CBC) is usually advised.

According to WHO, Anemia in adults is defined as haemoglobin levels below 12g/dl for women and below 13g/dl for men.

To confirm that iron deficiency anemia, additional tests such as serum ferritin levels may be ordered. It is also done using blood samples.

It can be ordered along with CBC to confirm iron deficiency anemia.

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia includes 

1. Medications-

                      A) Oral iron supplements in the form of tablets or syrup.

2. Diet -

                      B) Beef, pork, lamb and poultry.

                      C) Seafood.

                      D) Beans.

                      E) Dark green leafy vegetables, such as

                           spinach.

                      F) Dried fruit, such as raisins and

                           apricots.

                      G) Foods with added iron, such as

                           cereals, breads and pastas.

                      H) Legumes, including lima beans, peas,

                           pinto beans and black-eyed peas.

3.  Foods with high vitamin C content.

1. Grapefruit
2. Kiwi
3. Leafy greens.
4. Melons.
5. Oranges and orange juice
6. Peppers.
7. Strawberries 
8. Tangerines
9. Tomatoes
10. Broccoli 
11. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption.

4. Iron injections in case of severe iron deficiency or poor oral absorption.

One major risk factor for iron deficiency anemia also includes pregnant women not taking iron supplements 

In pregnancy iron demands of the body increases thus there is need to take iron supplements to support both mother and growing fetus. 

SIMPLE WAYS TO PREVENT IRON DEFICIENCY 

Although iron deficiency anemia is easily preventable, it remains a major healthcare concern, especially in low income areas and among vegetarians.

Simple tips to avoid iron deficiency anemia 

1. Consuming a balanced diet rich in iron-green leafy vegetables, beans,and raisins for vegetarians and organ meat, eggs, and organ meat for non vegetarians.
2. Avoid tea and coffee just before and after meals. Caffeine present in tea and coffee reduces iron absorption.
3. Pregnant females must take iron supplements. Government health programs often provide iron supplements free of cost or at minimal prices.
4. Women with heavy menstrual bleeding should visit a doctor regularly, undergo blood tests when advised, and follow appropriate treatment and dietary recommendations.
5. Infants if at risk may be given iron- fortified formula milk strictly under paediatrician guidance.

To conclude iron deficiency anemia remains a widespread yet preventable nutritional disorder affecting individuals across all age groups. Early recognition of symptoms, timely diagnosis, and appropriate dietary and medical interventions can effectively correct the condition. Increased awareness and proactive health-seeking behavior can significantly reduce the burden of iron deficiency anemia and improve overall quality of life